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The history of responses to the work of the artist Sandro Botticelli （1444—1510） suggests that widespread appreciation by critics is a relatively recent phenomenon。 Writing in 1550； Vasari expressed an unease with Botticelli’s work； admitting that the artist fitted awkwardly into his evolutionary scheme of the history of art。 Over the next two centuries； academic art historians defamed Botticelli in favor of his fellows Florentine； Michelangelo。 Even when antiacademic art historians of the early nineteenth century rejected many of the standards of evaluation adopted by their predecessors； Botticelli’s work remained outside of accepted taste； pleasing neither amateur observers nor connoisseurs。 （Many of his best paintings； however； remained hidden away in obscure churches and private homes。）
The primary reason for Botticelli’s unpopularity is not difficult to understand： most observers； up until the mid…nineteenth century； did not consider him to be noteworthy； because his work； for the most part； did not seem to these observers to exhibit the traditional characteristics of fifteenth…century Florentine art。 For example； Botticelli rarely employed the technique of strict perspective and； unlike Michelangelo； never used chiaroscuro。
Another reason for Botticelli’s unpopularity may have been that his attitude toward the style of classical art was very different from that of his contemporaries。 Although he was thoroughly exposed to classical art； he showed little interest in borrowing from the classical style。 Indeed； it is paradoxical that a painter of large…scale classical subjects adopted a style that was only slightly similar to that of classical art。
In any case； when viewers began to examine more closely the relationship of Botticelli’s work to the tradition of fifteenthcentury Florentine art； his reputation began to grow。 Analyses and assessments of Botticelli made between 1850 and 1870 by the artists of the Pre…Raphaelite movement； as well as by the writer Pater （although he； unfortunately； based his assessment on an incorrect analysis of Botticelli’s personality）； inspired a new appreciation of Botticelli throughout the English…speaking world。 Yet Botticelli’s work； especially the Sistine frescoes； did not generate worldwide attention until it was finally subjected to a comprehensive and scrupulous analysis by Home in 1908。 Home rightly demonstrated that the frescoes shared important features with paintings by other fifteenth…century Florentines — features such as skillful representation of anatomical proportions； and of the human figure in motion。 However； Home argued that Botticelli did not treat these qualities as ends in themselves — rather； that he emphasized clear depletion of a story； a unique achievement and one that made the traditional Florentine qualities less central。 Because of Home’s emphasis crucial to any study of art； the twentieth century has come to appreciate Botticelli’s achievements。
36。Which of the following would be the best title for the text？
＇A＇ The Role of Standard Art Analyses and Appraisals。
＇B＇ Sandro Botticelli： From Rejection to Appreciation。
＇C＇ The History of Critics’ Responses to Art Works。
＇D＇ Botticelli and Florentine： A Comparative Study。
37。We can learn from the text that art critics have a history of
＇A＇ suppressing painters’ art initiatives。＇B＇ favoring a Botticelli’s best paintings。
＇C＇ rejecting traditional art characteristics。＇D＇ undervaluing Botticelli’s achievements。
38。The views of Vasari and Home on Botticelli’s products are
＇A＇ identical。 ＇B＇ complementary。 ＇C＇ opposite。 ＇D＇ similar。
39。The word “connoisseurs” （Paragraph 1） most probably means
＇A＇ representatives in the Pre…Raphaelite Movement。
＇B＇ people who are in favor of Florentine。
＇C＇ critics who are likely to make assessments。
＇D＇ conservatives clinging to classical art。
40。What does the author think of Botticelli’s representation skills？
＇A＇ They are to be fully appreciated。＇B＇ They evolve from an uncertain source。
＇C＇ They underlie his personality。＇D＇ They conform to the classical style。
Part B
本部分内容请参见 Part B（一）
Part C
Directions： Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese。 Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2。 （10 points）
All U。S。 nuclear weapons production facilities are presently closed down； and if the various agreements are adhered to； those facilities will never be required except for one critical capability。 All modern nuclear weapons use uranium （铀）； plutonium（钚）； and tritium（氚）。 Uranium and plutonium have very long half…lives； and there is large surplus of these materials。
Tritium； however； has a relatively short half…life of about 12。6 years； so about 5 percent of the amount on hand must be replaced each year to maintain the current inventory。 （46） Because of the large retirement of nuclear weapons by the United States in compliance with early agreements and national policy； tritium from retired weapons has been used to make up that lost through natural decay。 （47） However； in about 10 to 15 years； depending on future negotiations； the United States will need a guaranteed supply of tritium to maintain its stockpile at whatever level is agreed on。
In anticipation of this future need to produce tritium； Defense Office Executive is pursuing two technologies。 One uses a nuclear reactor that could also produce electricity whose sale would recover not only the capital cost of the reactor but also its annual operational cost。 （48） Unfortunately； the present Administration has a definite bias against nuclear power； so an alternative method is also being pursued even though it is agreed that it will cost twice as much as a reactor and use as much electricity as a reactor would produce。 This technology uses an accelerator to produce high…energy protons that in turn produce neutrons。
The main argument for the accelerator is that it produces no conventional nuclear wastes。 （49） Proponents readily admit that it will produce radioactive materials； but with a relatively short halflife compared with that of wastes from spent nuclear fuel。 The fact that the accelerator will require the equivalent of a nuclear power plant to supply its electricity is ignored。
（50） Proponents also neglect to mention that about 22 percent of all electrical energy generated in the United States comes from nuclear power plants； so that 22 percent of the power used by the accelerator will generate conventional nuclear wastes； in addition to those the accelerator produces。 There is an alternative to either the reactor or the accelerator； which is simply to buy the required tritium from Canada or Russia。
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
51。
Direction：You have bought a brand…new computer in a store。 But much to your disappointment； it could not be properly operated when you got it back。 Write a letter to the manager；
1） giving complaints；
2） describing the problems；
3） and asking for some compensations。
Part B
52。
Direction：
A cry for Nature Conservation
A。 Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in no less than 200 words。
B。 Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2。
C。 Your essay should meet the requirements below：
1） describe the cartoon
2） interpret the message conveyed in the picture
3） and give your suggestions to remedy the situation
Part B （一）
Sample One
Directions：In the following text； some sentences have been removed。 For questions 41…45； choose the most suitable one from the list A…G to fit into each of the numbered blank。 There are two extra choices； which do not fit in any of the gaps。 Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1。 （10 points）
Many of the philosophers we have been reading in class seem to me to be hopelessly dated。 Of course； it’s easy to become trapped in writing only for