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the Jacobins promise to greedy tenants the incomes and property of
their owners。 We already see in the proceedings by which they
secure one…third of the offices in 1791 the germ of the methods by
which they will secure the whole of them in 1792； in this first
electoral campaign their acts indicate not merely their maxims and
policy but； again； the condition； education； spirit and character of
the men whom they place in power locally as well as at the capital。
NOTES：
＇1＇ Law of May 28； 29； 1791 （according to official statements； the
total of active citizens amounted to 4；288；360）。 Laws of July 23；
Sept。 12； Sept。 29； 1791。 Buchez et Roux； XII。 310。
＇2＇ Bucher Ct Roux； XII。 33。 Mortimer…Ternaux； 〃Histoire de la
Terreur；〃 II。 205； 348。 Sauzay； II。 ch。 XVIII AIbert Babeau； I。
ch。 XX。
＇3＇ Lenin repeated this performance in 1917 and Stalin attempted to
do the same in the rest of the World。 （SR）。。
＇4＇ The following letter； by Camille Desmoulins （April 3； 1792）； shows
at once the time consumed by public affairs； the sort of attraction
they had； and the kind of men which they diverted from their business。
〃I have gone back to my old profession of the law； to which I give
nearly all the time which my municipal or electoral functions； and the
Jacobins （club）； allow me that is to say； very little。 It is very
disagreeable to me to come down to pleading bourgeois cases after
having managed interests of such importance； and the affairs of the
government； in the face of all Europe。〃
＇5＇ I cannot help but think of the willful proliferation of idle
functionaries； pensioners and other receivers of public funds which
today vote for the party which represents their interests。 （SR。）
＇6＇ Sauzay； II。 83…89 and 123。 A resolution of the inhabitants of
Chalèze； who； headed by their municipal officers； declare themselves
unanimously 〃non…conformists；〃 and demand 〃the right of using a temple
for the exercise of their religious opinions； belonging to them and
built with their contributions〃 On the strength of this； the municipal
officers of Chalèze are soundly rated by the district administration；
which thus states what principles are： 〃Liberty； indefinite for the
private individual； must be restricted for the public man whose
opinions must conform to the law： otherwise； 。 。 he must renounce all
public functions。〃
＇7＇ Archives Nationales；〃 F7； 3；253 （letter of the department
directory； April 7； 1792）。 〃On the 25th of January； in our report to
the National Assembly； we stated the almost general opposition which
the execution of the laws relating to the clergy has found in this
department 。 。 。 nine…tenths； at least； of the Catholics refusing to
recognize the sworn priests。 The teachers； influenced by their old
curés or vicars； are willing to take the civic oath； but they refuse
to recognize their legitimate pastors and attend their services。 We
are； therefore； obliged to remove them； and to look out for others to
replace them。 The citizens of a large number of the communes；
persisting in trusting these； will lend no assistance whatever to the
election of the new ones； the result is； that we are obliged； in
selecting these people； to refer the matter to persons whom we
scarcely know； and who are scarcely better known to the directories of
the district。 As they are elected against the will of the citizens；
they do not gain their confidence； and draw their salaries from the
commune treasury； without any advantage to public instruction；〃
＇8＇ Mercure de France； Sep。 3； 1791。 〃The right of attending primary
meetings is that of every citizen who pays a tax of three livres；
owing to the violence to which opinions are subject； more than one…
half of the French are compelled to stay away from these reunions；
which are abandoned to persons who have the least interest in
maintaining public order and in securing stable laws； with the least
property； and who pay the fewest taxes。〃
＇9＇ 〃The French Revolution；〃 Vol。 I。 p。 182 and following pages。
＇10＇ 〃Correspondence of M。 de Sta？l〃 （manuscript）； Swedish ambassador；
with his court； Sept 4； 1791。 〃The change in the way of thinking of
the democrats is extraordinary； they now seem convinced that it is
impossible to make the Constitution work。 Barnave； to my own
knowledge； has declared that the influence of assemblies in the future
should be limited to a council of notables； and that all power should
be in the government〃
＇11＇ Ibid。 Letter of July 17； 1791。 〃All the members of the Assembly；
with the exception of three or four； have passed a resolution to
separate from the Jacobins； they number about 3oo。〃 The seven
deputies who remain at the Jacobin Club； are Robespierre； Pétion；
Grégoire； Buzot； Coroller； and Abbé Royer。
＇12＇ 〃Les Feuillants〃 Was a political club consisting of
constitutional monarchists who held their meetings in the former
Feuillants monastery in Paris from 1791 to 1792。 （SR）。
＇13＇ Decree of Sept 29； 30； 1791； with report and instructions of the
Committee on the Constitution。
＇14＇ Decree of May 17； 1791。 Malouet； XII。 161。 'There was nothing
left to us but to make one great mistake； which we did not fail to
do。〃
＇15＇ A few months after this； on the election of a mayor for Paris；
the court voted against Lafayette； and for Pétion
＇16＇ M。 de Montlosier； 〃Mémoires；〃 II。 309。 〃As far as concerns
myself； truth compels me to say； that I was stuck on the head by three
carrots and two cabbages only。〃 Archives of the prefecture of
police （decisions of the police court； May 15； 1790）。 Moniteur； V。
427。 〃The prompt attendance of the members at the hour of meeting； in
spite of the hooting and murmurings of the crowd； seemed to convince
the people that this was yet another conspiracy against liberty。〃
＇17＇ This is what is； today in 1998； taking place whenever any
political faction； disliked by the Socialists； try to arrange a
meeting。 （SR）。
＇18＇ Malout； II。 50。 … Mercure de France； Jan。 7； Feb。 5； and April
9； 1791 （letter of a member of the Monarchical Club
＇19＇ Ferrières； II。 222。 〃The Jacobin Club sent five or six hundred
trusty men； armed with clubs；〃 besides 〃about a hundred national
guards； and some of the Palais…Royal prostitutes。〃
＇20＇ Journal des Amis de la Constitution。〃 Letter of the Café
National！ Club at Bordeaux； Jan。 20； 1791。 Letters of the 〃Friends
of the Constitution；〃 at Brives and Cambray； Jan。 19； 1791。
＇21＇ 〃The French Revolution；〃 I。 pp。 243； 324。
＇22＇ Mercure de France； Dec。18； 1790； Jan。 17； June 8； and July 14；
1791。 Moniteur； VI。 697。 〃Archives Nationales；〃 F7； 3；193。
Letter from the Directory of the department of Aveyron； April 20；
1792。 Narrative of events after the end of 1790。 May 22； 1791； the
club of 〃The Friends of Order and Peace〃 is burned by the Jacobins；
the fire lasting all night and a part of the next day。 （Official
report of the Directory of Milhau； May 22； 1791）。
＇23＇ 〃The French Revolution；〃 I。 256； 307。
＇24＇ Mercure de France； Dec。 14； 1790 （letter from Villeneuve…St。…
Georges； Nov。29）。
＇25＇ 〃Archives Nationales；〃 II。 1；453。 Correspondence of M。 Bercheny。
Letter from Pau； Feb。 7； 1790。 〃No one has any idea of the actual
state of things； in this once delightful town。 People are cutting each
other's throats。 Four duels have taken place within 48 hours； and ten
or a dozen good citizens have been obliged to hide themselves for
three days past〃
＇26＇ 〃Archives Nationales；〃 F7； 3；249。 Memorial on the actual
condition of the town and district of Mortagne； department of Orne
（November； 1791）。
＇27＇ Revolutionary song with the refrain： 〃Les aristocrates； à la
lanterne； tous les aristocrates on les pendra〃 （all the aristocrats
will hang）。 （SR）
＇28＇ On the 15th of August； 1791； the mother…superior of the H？tel…
Dieu hospital is forcibly carried off and placed in a t